UPSC IAS & PCS EXAMS : INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION NOTES. Its other official name is the French … The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbours were set up, like the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The Treaty of Brussels, signed on 17 March 1948 by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, and the United Kingdom, is considered the precursor to the NATO agreement. Voice Call. Jens Stoltenberg, NATO secretary-general, stressed that 2020 would be the sixth consecutive year in which total defence spending by European allies and Canada would rise, this time by 4.3 per cent in real terms.Â. Cahiers. READ PREVIOUS LESSON: Principles of Indian Foreign Policy. LOKPAL: Mind Map for UPSC Exam. Even though World War 2 had come to an end, the deteriorating relations between two former allies, the United States and the USSR would eventually lead to the Cold War. Sign in to iCloud to access your photos, videos, documents, notes, contacts, and more. NATO’s fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies’ freedom and security by political and military means. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Similarly, in 1983–84, responding to the stationing of Warsaw Pact SS-20 medium-range missiles in Europe, NATO deployed modern Pershing II missiles able to reach Moscow within minutes. North Macedonia is expected to enter the alliance as the 30th member in the first quarter of 2020. 2. In a recent article in NATO Review, “Building a Resilient Innovation Pipeline for the Alliance”, Rob Murray notes the importance of leveraging the Alliance’s “abundance of world-class academic institutions, the finest scientific researchers, amazingly creative start-ups and a mature well-resourced financial eco-system.” We hope to play a role in this effort. 6In NATO’s strategy of ever-increasing integration, de Gaulle finds further justification to accelerate France’s withdrawal. It was established in 1961 in Belgrade, former Yugoslavia under the leadership of the then Indian Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser and the President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito. The most recent member state to be added to NATO was North Macedonia on 27 March 2020. Each paper is of 250 marks, making a total of 500 marks. The NATO adopted a “Massive Retaliation” policy in response to the formation of the Warsaw Pact, an alliance of communist countries led by the USSR. Before 2003 the Strategic Commanders were the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) and the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT) but the current arrangement is to separate command responsibility between Allied Command Transformation (ACT), responsible for transformation and training of NATO forces, and Allied Command Operations, responsible for NATO operations worldwide. There is no voting or decision by majority. Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Because of geography, Australia and New Zealand missed out on membership. Post Top Ad. Together the Military Representatives from the Military Committee, a body responsible for recommending to NATO’s political authorities those measures considered necessary for the common defence of the NATO area. On 28 February 1994, NATO also took its first military action, shooting down four Bosnian Serb aircraft violating a UN no-fly zone over central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Use your Apple ID or create a new account to start using Apple services. D) None of the above statements are true. It will increase air and sea patrols to shore up its eastern front after Russia’s attack on Ukraine. From time to time the Council also meets at higher levels involving Foreign Ministers, Defence Ministers or Heads of Government and it is at these meetings that major decisions regarding NATO’s policies are generally taken. The expansion of the activities and geographical reach of NATO grew even further as an outcome of the September 11th attacks. Topics Covered: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. October 26, 2020. Vishal Radadiya on [Download] Gujarati Literature Optional Subject Notes by IAS Tejas Parmar He initiates capitalist reforms known as perestroika and glasnost. NATO's mission is to protect the freedom of its members. (Sample Material) Study Kit on Current Affairs for UPSC Mains Examination Biodiversity, Environment, Security & Disaster Management: Are Russia and NATO inching towards a conflict? The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is established as an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. Hence it saw the need to form NATO. NATO remains the principal security instrument of the transatlantic community and expression of its common democratic values. Spain has still yet to ratify the accession protocol. In response, Soviet nuclear forces were readied and air units in Eastern Germany and Poland were placed on alert. However, American participation was thought necessary in order to counter the military power of the Soviet Union, and therefore talks for a new military alliance began almost immediately. In place of this, the ANZUS agreement was made by the United States with these nations. The NATO Parliamentary Assembly is made up of legislators from the member countries of the North Atlantic Alliance as well as 13 associate members. Russian recently gave out a statement that they are open for constructive work on minimizing the negative consequences of the collapse of the INF [Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces] Treaty on the basis of the principles of equal and indivisible security and the respect for the balance of the parties’ interests. On 24 March 1999, NATO saw its first broad-scale military engagement in the Kosovo War, where it waged an 11-week bombing campaign against what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Click Here. However, it is worth noting that the Council has the same authority and powers of decision-making, and its decisions have the same status and validity, at whatever level it meets. He also let the Berlin Wall crumble on October 30, 1989. The NATO is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty signed in April 1949. On 1 July 1968, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty opened for signature: NATO argued that its nuclear weapons sharing arrangements did not breach the treaty as US forces controlled the weapons until a decision was made to go to war, at which point the treaty would no longer be controlling. Compare. After 11 September, troops were deployed to Afghanistan under the NATO-led ISAF and the organization continues to operate in a range of roles sending trainers to Iraq, assisting in counter-piracy operations and most recently enforced a NATO-led no-fly zone over Libya in 2011 in accordance with UN SC Resolution 1973. It consisted of Britain, Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan and Iran. Templatesyard is a blogger resources site is a provider of high quality blogger template with premium looking layout and robust design. Germany did not use its right to break the procedure but said it supported the veto. The membership of the organisation in this time period likewise remained largely static, with NATO only gaining one new member in 30 May 1982, when newly democratic Spain joined the alliance, following a referendum. The meetings of the North Atlantic Council are chaired by the Secretary-General of NATO and, when decisions have to be made, the action is agreed upon on the basis of unanimity and common accord. It included the five Treaty of Brussels states, United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. These caused as a response the provisional invocation (on September 12) of the collective security of NATO’s charter — Article 5 which states that any attack on a member state will be considered an attack against the entire group of members. NATO’s essential and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of all its members by political and military means. Parting Words In November 1983, a NATO manoeuvre code-named Able Archer 83, which simulated a NATO nuclear release, caused panic in the Kremlin. Its headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium. By Gk Scientist Political Science 0 Comments. The first post-Cold War expansion of NATO came with the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990, when former East Germany became part of the Federal Republic of Germany and the alliance. An additional 20 countries participate in NATO’s Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. It is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949.NATO’s headquarters are located at Boulevard Leopold III in the city of Brussels, Belgium, where the Supreme Allied Commander resides. International Relations notes for UPSC should be prepared for all the subjects for a quick revision. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949. It provides guidance on military matters to the NATO Strategic Commanders, whose representatives attend its meetings, and is responsible for the overall conduct of the military affairs of the Alliance under the authority of the Council. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. However, on 12 December 1979, in light of a build-up of Warsaw Pact nuclear capabilities in Europe, ministers approved the deployment of US Cruise and Pershing II theatre nuclear weapons in Europe. Its other official name is the French equivalent, l’Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord (OTAN) (English and French being the two official languages of the organisation). NATO’s military operations are directed by two Strategic Commanders, both senior U.S. officers assisted by a staff drawn from across NATO. The handover of control to NATO took place on 11 August, and marked the first time in NATO’s history that it took charge of a mission outside the north Atlantic area. This enabled Europe to focus on economic development without the need for building conventional armies. The US has imposed sanctions on NATO-ally Turkey for its purchase of Russia’s S-400 missile defence system. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *, Request OTP on This article talks about NATO and its importance for the IAS Exam. The United States contributes three-fourths of NATO's budget. Home. Together the Permanent Members form the North Atlantic Council (NAC), a body which meets together at least once a week and has effective political authority and powers of decision in NATO. International relations is a very dynamic part and is crucial for multiple papers in Prelims and Mains. Like any alliance, NATO is ultimately governed by its 26 member states. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like UPSC Civil Services, State Civil Services exams, Bank PO, SSC and so on. Click Here. Non-Aligned Movement was initiated in the background of Cold War. The decision came at the request of Germany and the Netherlands, the two nations leading ISAF at the time of the agreement, and all 19 NATO ambassadors approved it unanimously. Required fields are marked *, Request OTP on The incorporation of West Germany into the organisation on 9 May 1955 was described as “a decisive turning point in the history of our continent” by Halvard Lange, Foreign Minister of Norway at the time. ( Check Other NCERT GK Notes Here ) Given below is a list of all the major global organizations and their headquarters in alphabetical order and by their headquarters. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? Hemant Jha notes are very demanding in the market Because history is a subject which is very huge and interesting Hemant Jha notes are very good and make history easy for aspirants. The commander of Allied Command Operations retained the title “Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR)”, and is based in the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) located at Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons. In 1955 the Baghdad Pact was brought into being. It became a part of NATO in 2017. Three years later, on 18 February 1952, Greece and Turkey also joined. The USSR sought to expand its influence in Europe through the spread of communism, while the US saw the ideology of the USSR as a threat to its way of life. To secure Soviet approval of a united Germany remaining in NATO, it was agreed that foreign troops and nuclear weapons would not be stationed in the east, and also that NATO would never expand further east. NATO’s mission is to protect the freedom of its members. Three NATO members (the United States, France, and the United Kingdom) are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to … These are carried out under the collective defence clause of NATO… According to him, the integrated military system places France in an insufferable position of subordination. NATO’s essential and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of all its members by political and military means. Click Here to Download Full MAP in PDF Study Material for IAS Prelims: GS Paper -1 + CSAT Paper-2 Online Crash Course for UPSC PRE Exam Mind Map Important Topics: LOKPAL. In UPSC, Mostly questions are asked about issues in current affairs.Since it is of dynamic nature, there is no need to focus too much on the static part.. Category: upsc. NATO is an alliance of 28 countries bordering the North Atlantic Ocean. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. This caused a strategic reevaluation of NATO’s purpose, nature and tasks. Voice Call, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949. What is NATO? This article talks about NATO and its importance for the, International organisations and groupings are an important part of the, section of the General Studies paper-2 in the, . The second pivotal member of each country’s delegation is the Military Representative, a senior officer from each country’s armed forces. International Relations Questions in UPSC Mains GS 2, Difference between between Indian Army and CAPF (Central Armed Police Force). [5] Indeed, one of its immediate results was the creation of the Warsaw Pact, signed on 14 May 1955 by the Soviet Union and its satellite states as a formal response to this event, firmly establishing the two opposing sides of the Cold War. This was supposed to mean matching defences at the level rendered necessary by the Warsaw Pact’s offensive capabilities without spurring a further arms race. iScoopBoyE July 05, 2020 0 Read More. Manifolds et registres. Montenegro became NATO’s latest member in the year 2017. This is about 80 km (50 miles) south of NATO’s political headquarters in Brussels. Its principal role is to provide direction and advice on military policy and strategy. The conflict ended on 11 June 1999, when Yugoslavian leader Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević agreed to NATO’s demands by accepting UN resolution 1244. Need UPSC Study Notes? Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. North Atlantic Treaty Organization - UPSC Notes The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949. Turkey defies the US. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Discuss how it will impact India’s ties with Russia. Achievements and Defects of the NATO . Greece also in 1974 withdrew its forces from NATO’s military command structure, as a result of Greco-Turkish tensions following the 1974 Cyprus dispute; Greek forces were however readmitted in 1980.